·構成：由動詞原形加詞尾-ing構成，與動名詞的構成一致。

·與動名詞的區別：現在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關系；動名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質，二者在邏輯上無主謂關系。

e.g. a sleeping child(a child is sleeping) a sleeping car 臥車

·用法：用作表語，定語，狀語，補語

e.g. The news is encouraging.

She is a charming child.

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.

I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.

·現在分詞獨立結構：現在分詞可有其獨立的邏輯主語。這種主語常常是名詞或代詞主語，置于現在分詞之前，二者構成一種分詞獨立結構。

e.g. The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off.

Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.

·構成：規則動詞加ed，不規則動詞表

·用法：用作表語，定語，狀語，補語

e.g. He’s gone.

Did you pay a visit to the tomb of the unknown soldier?

Seen in the light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.

You must make yourself respected.

·過去分詞獨立結構：過去分詞的獨立主語常由名詞或代詞主格擔任，一般置于過去分詞之前。

e.g. This done, we went home.

Given time, he would win by perseverance.

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